THE MULTI-SENSOR BAYESIAN COMBINATION

ADVANTAGES

 

Precipitation is a highly variable atmospheric variable and this makes it difficult to provide accurate spatial and quantitative descriptions of rainfall fields. Over the years several tools have been used to provide rainfall maps that included reliable quantitative estimates and precise spatial descriptions.


Traditional rain-gauge networks provide accurate quantitative measurements, but networks are often too sparse to cacht the spatial variability of phenomena.
The use of remote instruments like weather RADAR and satellites has improved our ability to describe rainfall fields.
Weather RADARs (ground-based) are directly sensitive to precipitation elements (rain drops) and provide timely accurate spatial description of rainfall fileds, but quantitative estimate might encouter some difficulties as they must deal with hypotheses about the atmosphere and the weather targets.
Satellite provide indirect estimates of the rainfall field and generally temporal and spatial resolution is not suitable for hydrological applications.


Given each type of rainfall measurement has distinct advantages and limitations, RAINMUSIC combines them to take maximum advantage of all available sources of information.

 
 

 

KRIGING E BLOCK KRIGING

Kriging and Block Kriging interpolations provided by RAINMUSIC include many additional features compared to traditional Kriging softwares.
Characteristics of the rainfall field can be very different from one time-step to the next one and the spatial distribution of rainfall over rain gauges can significantly vary. In order to cope with this spatial variability, RAINMUSIC does not use one fixed variogram function for every interpolation, but it automatically estimates a new function each time new gauge data are available. At each time step, Kriging and Block Kriging interpolation use the variogram function that better fits the rainfall field measured by the gauges. The resulting rainfall maps are more accurate than the ones obtained with traditional Kriging software and they are particularly helpful in applications where spatial distribution of rain is important, i.e. in distributed hydrology.

 

RAINGAUGES AND RADAR COMBINATION (BKR)

Raingauges and RADAR combination is based on the conjunctive use of block Kriging and Kalman Filters.
It allows for the substantial elimination of the bias and the reduction of the variance of the estimation errors, thus increasing the reliability of the precipitation estimates.
RAINMUSIC uses block Kriging to estimate the average gauge field over the RADAR pixels and its variance from the point rain gauge measurements. Then it uses a Kalman filter to optimally combine the two rainfall fields on the basis of estimates accuracy.

 

RAINGAUGES AND SATELLITE COMBINATION (BKS)

The combination between rain gauges and satellite has the same structure as the combination between rain gauges and RADAR.
Rain gauge measurements are interpolated using Block Kriging and then aggregated to the same spatial resolution of satellite maps (up-scaling).
A Kalman filter combines the two rainfall maps on the basis of estimates accuracy. Then a Kalman smoother performs down-scaling of the results at a spatial resolution suitable for hydrological applications.

 

RAINGAUGES, RADAR AND SATELLITE COMBINATION (BKRS)

Starting point of the raingauges, RADAR amd satellite combination are results obtained from raingauges and RADAR combination.
Results of BKR are aggregated to the same spatial resolution of satellite maps (up-scaling).
A Kalman filter combines the two rainfall maps on the basis of estimates accuracy. Then a Kalman smoother performs down-scaling of the results at the spatial resolution of RADAR maps.

 

 

 
 

APPLICATIONS

RAINMUSIC is currently operational within real time flood forecasting systems on Segura and Jucar rivers in Spain,  Yellow River (Huanghe) and Fuchun River (Quintang) in China.

 

 

 

 

 
 

RAINMUSIC MODELLING SUITE

RAINMUSIC Modelling Suite offers a full range of GIS-based tools for interpolating long time series of meteorological data and creating maps.
It is aimed at those who need to interpolate meteorological data, such as precipitation and temperature, quickly and automatically, for example to create inputs for hydrological models or environmental models, climatological analysis and much more.

 

RAINMUSIC has been developed to work in a real-time operational environment as part of a flood forecasting system where a new rainfall (or temperature) interpolation is need each time new rain gauge data are received.

 

 

 
 

CREATE 2D MAPS QUICKLY AND EASILY

  • Automatically interpolate time series of rainfall (and temperature) data
  • Create maps in ESRI ASCII GRID and binary format
  • Create maps with different spatial resolutions
  • Select stations to be interpolated and exclude the ones you cannot rely on
  • Choose between different interpolation techniques:

       - Thiessen polygons
       - Inverse Squared Distance
       - Barnes Objective Analisis scheme
       - Kriging
       - Block-Kriging

  • Manage interpolation parameters using a friendly visual interface

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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